Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 609  Analysis of “full” words in Classical Chinese based on the Book of Laozi   called LEXEME is formed. If from one lexeme another lexeme is derived by lexicalization of one of its secondary categorial meanings, I am using an ar- row > pointing to the next lexeme written in bold letters. This sign I am using also in those cases when the figurative meaning can be regarded as the basic meaning of a new lexeme (lexicalization of the semantic transposition). E. g. 正 zhèng ADJ “be exactly straight” > ADJ “be correct”. Under every lexeme there are listed the individual syntactic functions forming a syntactic paradigm of the given lexeme. This paradigm is theo- retically unique for each of the lexemes, but the sets of syntactic functions of those lexemes belonging to the same word class should show significant overlaps. For those lexemes which are as far as their sets of syntactic func- tions described only partially, this should enable to complete their paradigms and foresee the existence of still undetected functions. Or, what is even more important, to describe the syntactic paradigms in the grammar and in the dictionary just to provide the lexemes identified by these paradigms. In this way we could create a fully compatible system of description of grammar and lexicon of Classical Chinese and overcome the gap between the standard lexicographic and grammatical approaches. Below I will present one of the entries of the Dictionary: 生 shēng 1. Vi “come to birth”, “come into existence” > vi “come to birth”, “come into existence” 有物混成，先天地生 (XXV) vi in continuative aspect “be born continuously” 萬物恃之以生而不辭 (XXXIV) vtprep in continuative aspect, object = source: “be born continuously from something” , be coming into existence from something” 天下萬物生於有， 有生於無 (XL) vtprep in continuative aspect, object = place : “be born continuously some- where” 天下無道，戎馬生於郊 (XLVI) 出生 chūsh ng vpi “come to birth” 出生入死 (L) 2. causative Vt “give birth to something”, “produce something”, “generate something” vt “bear something”, “give birth to something”, “produce something” 道 生一，一生二，二生三，三生萬物 (XLII) vi “be engaged in production” 生而不有 (LI) 3. Vi “live” vi “live” 萬物得一以生 (XXXIX) vi in inchoative aspect: “begin to live”, “come alive” 孰能安以動之徐 生 (XV)