Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 572    Christoph Harbsmeier 1.3.1.4.1. ppostadN{PRED} m yě 馬也 HORSE MODAL/PART “(It) is a horse.” 孔子也 “(He) is Confucius.” *It may be argued that the predicative use of nouns is actually primary, and uses like that as subject or object secondary... 待考 ) 1.3.1.4.2. ppostadN{TOPIC}.adS shì yuè yě y 是月也雨 THIS MONTH MODAL/PART RAIN “ During this month it rained.” 1.3.1.4.3. ppostN{SUBJ}.+V{PRED} qí y n yě shàn 其言也善 GENITIVE/PROWORD MODAL/PART GOOD “his words, for that mat- ter , are good” 1.3.1.4.3.1. ppostNpr{SUBJ}.+V{PRED} Huí yě bù yú y 回也不愚 也 HUI MODAL/PART NOT STUPID MODAL/PART “Huí (German der Huí ) is not stupid." 1.3.1.4.3.2. ppostNpr{SUBJ}.postV{PRED} xi n z i Huí yě 賢哉回 也 TALENT EXCLAMATORY/PART HUI MODAL/PART “How talented Huí is!” 1.3.1.4.3.3. ppostNpr{OBJ}.postVt yù(sic!) zhū Li ng yě yu : 語諸梁 也曰 ... TELL IT-TO LIANG MODAL/PAR T SAY: ...“told me, Liang: ...” 1.3.1.5. Postsentential particles ppostS 1.3.1.5.1. ppostadS m bù jìn y 馬不進也 HORSE NOT PROCEED MODAL/PART “ It was that the horse would not proceed.” 1.3.1.5.1.1. ppostadS1.adS2 w n yú zhū hóu yě z ... 聞於諸侯也 則 … HEAR FROM VARIOUS FEUDAL/LORD MODAL/PART THEN... “When this comes to the attention of the feudal lords, then..." 1.3.1.6. Postverbal particles ppostV 1.3.1.6.1. ppostadV Gu n Zhòng zhī qì xi o zāi 管仲之器小哉 GUANZHONG GENITIVE/PART INSTRUMENT > QUALIFICATIONS SMALL EMPHATIC/PART “Guǎnzhòng's format/professional compe- tence is so small!” 1.3.1.6.1.1. ppostadV(0) shàn zāi 善哉 GOOD EMPHATIC/PART “Good!” 1.3.1.6.1.2. ppostadV.+N{SUBJ} shàn zāi wèn hū 善哉問乎 GOOD EMPHATIC/PART ASK EXCLAMATORY/PART “It is good, this question!” 1.3.1.6.1.2.1. ppostadV_1.adV_2 y qí sh yě nìng ji n 與其奢也寧儉 WITH > INSTEAD/OF GENITIVE/PART EXTRAVAGANTMODAL/PART RATHER FRUGAL “rather than being extravagant it is better to be frugal” 1.3.1.6.1.3. ppostadV.adN chī c o di hàn 喫草底漢 EAT GRASS GEN- ITIVE/PART FELLOW “a grass-eating fellow” [First attested in Middle Chi- nese. Contrast similar but categorially different npropostadV.adN zhī 之 ]