Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 570    Christoph Harbsmeier 1.2.2.6.5. VPttoN.+S xuān-yù (sic!) guó r n 宣語國人 : ‘…’ PUB- LISH-TALK STATE PERSON “ announce to the citizens of the state: ‘…’” *preceding a sentence with which it is in construction* 1.3. {P...} Strongly grammaticalised constituents, grammatical particles 1.3.1. Monosyllabic particles {p...} 1.3.1.1. Adnominal particles padN ā m 阿母 NOUN/PREFIX MOTHER “mother” 1.3.1.1.1. padNpro ā sh i 阿誰 NOUN/PREFIX WHO “who?" 1.3.1.1.1.1. padNpro.adN ā sh i fèn shàng shì 阿誰分上事 NOUN/ PREFIX WHO FATE ABOVE > ON MATTER “is a part of whose allotted fate” 1.3.1.2. Adsentential particles padS gài y u zhī yǐ 蓋有之矣 IN/ FACT HAVE/EXIST OBJECT/PRO MODAL/PART “ In fact this is so." 1.3.1.2.1. padS.postN{TOP} shèng zé wú bù n ng 聖則吾不能 SAGE > SAGEHOOD THEN EGO NOTABLE “As for sagehood, then I am incapa- ble of it.” *in construction with a preceding nominal topic.* [NB: Some might want to declare z 則 “then” deverbal from “model oneself after” and thus not a p but a v . But in the present context this seems thoroughly implausible.] 1.3.1.2.2. padS1.postS2 qiě r y n guò yǐ 且爾言過矣！ MOREO- VER YOU WORD EXEED > MISTAKE “... Moreover , your words are mistaken.” *in construction with S2, to which MOREOVER implicitly makes reference* 1.3.1.2.2.1. padS1.post-S2 w yù r n sī r n zhì yǐ 我欲仁斯仁至 矣。 EGO > ONE WANT HUMANE, THIS/THEN HUMANE > HU- MANENESS ARRIVE “When one desires benevolence then benevolence will arrive.” *not just in construction with but modified by preceding S2* 1.3.1.3. Adverbial particles padV dào yì y u dào hū 盜亦有道乎 THIEF ALSO HAVE WAY QUESTION “Do thieves also have a Way?” 1.3.1.3.1. padV.postN{SUBJ} w zé bù xi 我則不暇 EGO THEN NOT LEISURE “I, for my part , have not the leisure to do this." [NB: This EGO is contrastive, and one might take this as evidence to show that the sen- tences is in construction with a preceding one to which it implicitly refers... One might want to declare z 則 “then” deverbal from “model onself after”, but in the present context this seems implausible. 待考 ] 1.3.1.3.1.1. padV.post-N zh ng dào ér fèi 中道而廢 MIDDLE WAY AND GIVE/UP “give up while midway” *being modified by a noun*