Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 560    Christoph Harbsmeier 1.2.1.7.9.3. vi0ad.npro zǎo zh nǚ zhī jing1 jī(sic!) 早者女之精責 ( 積 ) ( 馬王堆,合陰陽 ) BE-EARLY SUBJECT/WHICH/PRO FEMALE ESSENCE PILE-UP “The time when it is early in the day , the female es- sences pile up” *modifying a noun (or pronoun).* [NB: one might simply take 早 to mean morning and avoid complexities. We keep the example to see whether there are more similar examples that might change our perceptions.] 1.2.1.7.9.4. vi0adS li ng jiǔ 良久 … WELL LONG “ After a long while ...” *modifying a sentence* 1.2.1.7.10. vi[0] zuò , w yù(sic!) r 坐我語汝 SIT “[You] sit down! I shall tell you”. *with lexically retrievable implicit subject* 1.2.1.7.10.1. vi[0]+V[0] lái sī w i 來思維 COME THINK-THINK’ “[you] come and [you] think!” *with a verbal complement which itself again has a lexically retrievable coreferential subject* [NB: Non-negated clear im- peratives are fairly rare in classical Chinese. They are registered in TLS by the Semantic Category “imp”. From a syntactic point of view what typically characterises such imperatives is their lexically retrievable second person pronoun omitted subject.] 1.2.1.7.10.2. vi[0]post | S shàn f u 善否 GOOD OR/NOT ? “is this good or is that (that it is good) not the case > it this good or not ” *in construction with a preceding sentence to which this verb provides an alternative, thus creating a question* [NB: The notions of the addititive relation “ & ” and the alternative relation “ | ” are interestingly rare in this syntactic survey because words are ap- parently rarely subcategorised for cooccurrence with what they are in additive or alternative relation to. I bring up the case of f u 否 because it constitutes a neat exception to this general pattern in that it does clearly lexically imply an alterna- tive relation to what immediately precedes it. It remains to be investigate whether the sentence referred back to by f u 否 OR/NOT? can have a nominal predicate.] 1.2.1.7.11. vi(0) rán 然 BE-SO “(That) is so .” *with an obligatorily implicit contextually retrievable subject NB: A vast majority of verbs can have contextually retrievable implicit subjects. Normally, this is therefore not recorded. If we wanted to record something, it would be the cases where subjects cannot be implicit!* 1.2.1.7.11.1. vi(0)post-.VtoN ruò ti n dì rán 若天地然 RESEMBLE HEAVEN EARTH BE-SO “be like Heaven and Earth, such ” *modified by a preceding verb-object phrase* 1.2.1.8. Transitive verbs vtoN shí ròu 食肉 EAT MEAT “ eat meat”; Gān Mào wáng Qín qi zhī Qí 甘茂亡秦且之齊 GAN MAO GO/ INTO/EXILE QIN MOREOVER GO/TO QI “Gan Mao fled (from) Qín and went to Qí.”