Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 536    Christoph Harbsmeier Numerals are taken to be verbal or deverbal in all of their many func- tions. Here is a basic list of the main relevant Syntactic Categories with their Semantic Categories in classical Chinese. Remember that the symbol “ @ ” stands between the formula for the Syntactic Category and the Semantic Category (e. g. fig = “figurative”) assigned to the constituent assigned to that Syntactic Category. The expression {NUM} just serves as a reminder that the expression in question is a numeral. 1. vi{NUM} “be X in number” (or for convenience we may register these as: vi{NUM} ) fù yī r yǐ, bù yí y u s n 父一而已，不宜有三 FATHER ONE AND STOP. NOT FIT EXIST THREE “One’s father is one in number , and it is not right for there to be three (fathers).” [NB: the s n THREE here is exocentric, and more specifically it has an implicit non- expressed head that is understood from context: v(adN) . See below.] 1.1. vi{NUM}@fig “be of X kinds” wú yì zhī mín liù 無益之民六。 LACK BENEFIT GENITIVE/PART PEOPLE SIX “The wicked and false peo- ple who are of no benefit are of six kinds ”. 1.2. vi{NUM}@meta “be metaphysically linked to the number X” ti n liù , dì wǔ 天六，地五 HEAVEN SIX EARTH FIVE “Heaven is associ- ated with the number six , Earth is associated with the number five ”. [Contrast ji ti n 九天 NINE HEAVEN “the nine heavens” where the meaning is NOT metaphysically abstract “Heaven linked to the number nine”.] 1.3. vi{NUM}@cataphoric “be the following X in number” dào èr . r n y bù r n r yǐ 道二。仁與不仁而已矣 WAY TWO . BENEVOLENT NOT BENEVOLENT AND STOP MODAL/PART “The courses of ac- tion are (the following) two in number: that of benevolence and that of non-benevolence”. 1.4. vi{NUM}@act “do something X times” rú shì zh sān 如是者三 LIKE THIS THE/SUBJECT/WHICH THREE “In this way they did this three times ”. 1.4.1. vi{NUM}@act.ordinal “do something for the Xth time” sān z bù shè 三則不赦 THREE THEN NOT PARDON “when they do it for the third time one does not pardon them” *counted action*. 1.5. VPi{NUM} shī sān bǎi 詩三百 SONG THREE HUNDRED “The Songs are three hundred in number .” *complex number phrase as plain intransitive verb*.