Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 504  George van Driem   to Europe by a northerly route, beginning around Gilgit in the northernmost Hindu Kush, thence along the southern Caspian littoral, the southern flank of the Caucasus, the southern shoreline of the Black Sea, across the Bosporus, and subsequently spreading across Europe from the 13th century onwards. A legacy of the migration is that some Rroma refer to themselves Sinti, an adjectival form derived from Sindh, the name of the Indus river. The Rroma in England were known as gypsies because it was thought that they were ’ gypcians from Egypt. German Zigeuner , French tzigane and names in se- veral other European languages derive from a designation for a Manichaean sect that practised sorcery and soothsaying in the last centuries of the Byzan- tine Empire. Rroma populations are also found in eastern Europe, the Balkan, Scandinavia and throughout the Near East. The name by which Rroma designate themselves is Rroma (singular Rrom ), whereby the double rr in Romani orthography represents an uvular ‘r’ [ R ] as opposed to an apical ‘r’ [ r ]. The autonym Rroma is held to be cog- nate with डोम Ḍ oma , a collective term for the ancient aboriginal populations of the Indian subcontinent who were subjugated and often enslaved by the early Aryans. Many Ḍoma remained outcastes or tribals, whereas some were assimilated into the lower strata of the caste system by the Aryans as they colonised the Gangetic Plain from the west to east [Trail 1828; van Driem Figure 23. The dissemination of paternal lineage R (M207) and its major subclades