Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 500  George van Driem   established themselves in the Americas [Rootsi et al . 2007; Fu et al . 2013]. We may therefore imagine that the Greater Yenisseian paternal haplogroup Q must have expanded across Siberia and by way of Beringia colonised the Americas, where it became the predominant paternal lineage, before the Hy- perborean intrusion of Y chromosomal N lineages replaced it in the sparsely populated north. The N (M231) lineages differentiated into N*, N1 (M128), N2 (P43) and N3 (Tat). The most prevalent haplogroup N3 (Tat) is wide- spread throughout the Uralo-Siberian area, spreading as far west as Scandi- navia. The ancestral N* (M231) is still found in the highest frequency in the area encompassing northern Burma, Yúnnán and Sìchuān, with N1 (M128) particularly frequent in the Altai region and to a lesser extent in Manchuria, and N2 (P43) showing an especially high frequency on both the Yamal and Tamyr peninsulas in northern Siberia 1 . Previously I proposed that haplogroup Q, an offspring clade of Y chro- mosomal haplogroup P, could be a marker for the Greater Yenisseian lin- 1 Evidently inspired by story of the Y chromosomal haplogroup N, [Gāo 2008, 2012] has sought to find a link between Sinitic and Uralic. This hypothesis suffers from some of the same difficulties as Sino-Austronesian. Could reconstructible linguistic vestiges have pos- sibly ever survived in Sinitic and Uralic from a time beyond Uralo-Siberian and East Asian, or could linguistic contact influence of such hoary antiquity ever be plausibly demonstrated? Figure 20. The split-up of paternal lineage NO (M214) into the haplogroups N (M231) and O (M175)