Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 499  The Eastern Himalayan Corridor in Prehistory   BC to 500 AD, and the Iron Age site Ban Lum-Khao, dating from 1200 to 400 BC, shows the closest affinity to the Chao-Bon, a modern Austroasiatic population who speak the Monic language Nyahkur. The Chao-Bon are di- rectly descendant from the Mon of the Dvārāvatī kingdom, which from the 7th to the 13th century extended from the Andaman Sea near present-day Mergui in the southern Tenasserim in the west to the alluvial plains of what today is central Thailand in the east. By contrast, the majority Thai of modern Thailand show the greatest autosomal affinity with Kradai language com- munities of southern China and with the Southern Chinese Hàn population, whilst the mitochondrial lineages of the Khmer show greater affinity with today’s national majority Thai than do other Austroasiatic groups [Lertrit et al . 2008; Abdulla et al . 2009]. At the same time, the Y chromosomal haplogroup frequencies of Hàn Pínghuà dialect speakers in Guǎngxī province in a dendrogram clustering are shown to be intermediate between Hmong-Mien, Austroasiatic and Kra- dai language communities on one hand and Austronesian populations on the other [Wen et al . 2004; Gan et al . 2008]. These findings dovetail with the late historical expansion of the Thai from southern China into Southeast Asia in the first part of the second millennium as well as with their subsequent sub- jugation by the Khmer. 7. Other Asian language families of the subcontinent and models of migration Human genetic studies suggest that the paternal lineages N and O may have split in East Asia between 30,000 and 20,000 years ago (Figure 20). The spatial dynamics of the two haplogroups diverged greatly after the split, and the ancient Asian populations which bore the Y chromosomal haplogroups N and O are calculated to have undergone an effective expansion between 18,000 and 12,000 years ago [Xue et al . 2006]. Ancient bearers of the N hap- logroup moved north from East Asia after the Last Glacial Maximum and, in a grand counterclockwise sweep, migrated across northern Eurasia as far as west as Lapland [Rootsi et al . 2007; Derenko et al . 2007; Mirabal et al . 2009] (Figure 21). The Y chromosomal haplogroup N appears to be a marker for the linguistic ancestors of Fortescue’s Uralo-Siberian linguistic phylum, com- prising Uralic, Yukagir, Eskimo-Aleut, Nivkh and Chukotko-Kamchatkan. The absence of haplogroup N in the Americas and its prevalence through- out Siberia allow us to infer that the spread of the paternal lineage N north- ward must have taken place after the paternal founder lineages had already