Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 495  The Eastern Himalayan Corridor in Prehistory   areas south of the Yangtze. Though the bearers of the O2b (M176) haplogroup continued to sow seed as they continued to move ever further eastward, they left little or no linguistic traces, except maybe an Austroasiatic name for the Yangtze river, as proposed by [Pulleyblank 1983], reflected as the toponym borrowed by Old Chinese as 江 * kˤroŋ (modern Mandarin: ji ng ). This para- Austroasiatic paternal lineage moved as far as the Korean peninsula and rep- resents the second wave of peopling attested in the Japanese genome [Jin et al . 2009; Karafet et al . 2009b]. Whereas the maternal lineage represented by mi- tochondrial subclade D4 points toward an immediate provenance on the East Asian mainland, the Y chromosomal haplogroup tells this more specific story. Figure 19. Paternal lineages branching into new subclades. Each event involved a linguistic bottleneck leading to language families that today are reconstructible as distinct linguistic phyla. The O1 (MSY2.2) lineage in the the Pearl River drainage gave rise to the O1a (M119) subclade, which moved eastward to the Fújiàn hill tracts and across the strait to Formosa, which so became the Urheimat of the Austronesians. Bearers of O3a3b (M7) became the Proto-Hmong-Mien, who migrated eastward to areas south of the Yangtze. On their way, they adopted rice agriculture from the ancient Austroasiatics. In the eastern spurs of the Himalayas, the bearers of haplogroup O3a3c (M134) expanded and became the Trans-Himalayans. Haplogroup O2a (M95) is the Proto-Austroasiatic paternal lineage. The para-Austroasiatic fraternal clade O2b (M176) spread eastward, sowing seed along the way and leaving behind an old toponym for the Yangtze, later borrowed by Old Chinese as 江 *k ˤ roŋ.