Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 488  George van Driem   dialects arose from the expansion of Sinitic onto a Hmong-Mien substrate, and [Hagège and Haudricourt 1978: 163] proposed that Hakka likewise arose on a Hmong-Mien substrate and that Cantonese arose from the adoption of Sinitic by Kradai-speaking populations. The Austronesian family is the geographically most widespread language phylum on the face of the planet, if we disregard the spread of Indo-European in the aftermath of European colonial expansion since Henry the Navigator. Linguistic, population genetic and archaeological evidence support the theory that the linguistic homeland of modern Austronesian language communities (Figure 12) lay on Formosa 1 . The maritime expansion of Austronesian took place in spurts. The First Long Pause is a lull in the archaeological record, which suggests that there was little movement between 4300 and 3300 BC, before the agricultural colonisation of Taiwan began with the Dàpènkēng Neolithic. The colonisation of the Philippines was initiated ca. 2200 bc on the Batanes Islands and in northern Luzon [Bellwood and Dizon 2005]. The Second Long Pause, from 1200 to 200 bc , is a lull between the Lapita coloni- sation of western Polynesia and the colonisation of eastern Polynesia. As in the case of Trans-Himalayan and Austronesian, an assessment of the geographical distribution of other East Asian linguistic phyla such as Hmong- Mien (Figure 13) and Kradai (Figure 14) must likewise be informed by an historical linguistic understanding of these language families. The expansion 1 [Lemaréchal 2010] gingerly challenges the currently prevalent theory that Formosa and the Formosan languages represent the cradle of Austronesian phylum. [Peiros 2008] assails the Formosan homeland theory, claiming that Formosan subgroups collectively represent a single branch of Austronesian, and that the Austronesian Urheimat lay on the East Asian mainland, whence only one branch settled on Formosa. Figure 12. Geographical distribution of Austronesian