Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 476  George van Driem   3. Bottlenecks, refugia and the subcontinent as a prehistoric thoroughfare The many paternal lineages from haplogroup F to T, which share the in- novation M89, contain subclades whose time of divergence begins to come closer to the linguistically recontructible past. Yet most of these molecular events lie well beyond the linguistic event horizon: The Y chromosomal F (M89) clade gave rise to the subclades H (M69), IJ (M429) and K (M9). The ancestral clade F* still appears to occur more often in the Indian subcontinent than elsewhere, suggesting that South Asia played a pivotal role as a prehis- toric thoroughfare. The paternal lineage H (M69) is native to the Indian sub- continent and occurs in high frequencies in both low caste populations of the subcontinent as well as in the gypsies or Rroma [Rai et al . 2012]. The paternal clade IJ (M429) gave rise to the Y chromosomal haplogroups I (M170) and J (M304) (Figure 5). The paternal clade K (M9) gave rise to the subclades L (M20), M (M106), NO (M214), P (M45), S (M230) and T (M272). The presence of the ancestral clade K* in a higher frequency in India than elsewhere again accentuates the role of the Subcontinent as an ancient staging area (Figure 6). The subclade P gave rise to the Y chromosomal haplogroups Q (M242) and R (M207), whereas the subclade NO (M214) gave rise to the haplogroups N (M231) and O (M175). Figure 5. The split-up of paternal lineage F into the haplogroups H (M69), I (M170), J (M304) and K (M9)