Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 474  George van Driem   F through T. The paternal lineage C first entered the Indian subconti- nent, where the lineage C5 (M356) may have branched off. The spread of the paternal lineage C may to some extent have moved in tandem with the spread of the paternal line- age D. Ancient populations bearing the Y chromosomal haplogroup C colonised Australia and New Guin- ea, where the lineages C2 (M38), C4 (P309, M347) and C6 (P55) are found, and moved into northeast Asia and the Americas, where the lineages C1 (P122) and C3 (P44, M217) are found. Both the paternal haplogroups C (RPS4Y711) and D (M174) represent paternal lineages which colonised East Asia before the Ice Age, which lasted from 21,000 to 18,000 years ago. These ancient popu- lations underwent a Palaeolithic expansion between 34,000 and 22,000 years ago and are therefore believed to have exploited the megafauna of Siberia and East Asia as a food source (Figures 3 and 4). At a later time depth, but still at a time inaccessible to historical lin- guistics, the first anatomically modern humans to populate Japan bore the Figure 2. The paternal lineage DE (YAP) split into haplogroups D and E. Whereas Y chromosomal haplogroup D is found mainly outside of Africa, haplogroup E remained in Africa Figures 3 and 4. The paternal lineage C (RPS4Y711) ventured outside of Africa