Актуальные вопросы тюркологических исследований

115 XХXIII–XXXIV Кононовские чтения Ruslan Kadyrov Semantic features of Turkish phraseological units with the component somatism baş/head Abctract: In recent years, somatic vocabulary has become the subject of close attention of linguists in modern linguistics. The objects of the surrounding real- ity are in diverse relationships with each other, their knowledge gives a person the opportunity to discover something new for himself: unknown sides, signs or qualities of the studied phenomena, objects. A person seeking to study objects or phenomena, covers more and more of their sides and connections, accumulates rich experience, which is reflected in the lexical system of language. The lexical units designated by word signs name the changed concepts, objects, their qualities and communications. The word, being in the language of the basic unit, interacts with the lexico-semantic system of the language, determining its semantic struc- ture, it is characterized by qualitative certainty and individuality, has sound design, grammatical expression and lexical meaning, i.e. the word combines linguistic se- mantics and knowledge of the world, an extra-lingual experience. The main func- tion of the word is nominative, i. e. the word names objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality. Displaying in our consciousness objects and phenomena, the word contains certain notions about them. The importance of verbal units in the language is invaluable, because it is with the help of words that one can express various shades of feelings, mood, and attitude to phenomena of reality. The issues raised in this article are devoted to the establishment of the semantic orientation of the phraseological units of the Turkish language with the baş component / head, representing negative vocabulary. The presence of these phraseological units re- flect the characteristics of the associative-figurative thinking of the Turkish people, which are associated with the conceptualization of various aspects of phenomena with different metaphorical and metonymic rethinking of images. Key words: head, phraseology, Turkish language, vocabulary, verb, sentence, grammar, negative semantics. Семантика фразеологических единиц показывает своеобразие язы- ковой картины мира носителей турецкого языка. В турецком языке в знания о мире вплетается национально-культурный опыт. Языковая картина мира включает в себя «совокупность знаний о мире, запечат- ленных в лексике, фразеологии, грамматике» [3: 46].